stutthof concentration camp guards

An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. Stutthof | Holocaust Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Nazi prison camp where inmates were forced to EAT each other Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . A 97-year-old former secretary to the SS commander of Nazi Germany's Stutthof concentration camp has been found guilty of being an accessory to 10,505 murders. [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. Dave, The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. Many prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as DAW (Deutsche Ausrstungswerke, literally the 'German Equipment Works'), the heavily guarded armaments factory located inside the camp next to prisoner barracks. Two weeks later, on September 15th 1939 . [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. After beginning her career at the all-female camp, Lichtenberg, the dedicated Nazi used brutality and cruelty to work to her way up to the highest female rank possible, Oberaufseherin, or chief guard. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Between 25th April and 31th May before the Special Law Court at Danzig a trial was held against guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp The accused were : 1. A judicial officer looks at his watch prior to a trial against a 96-year-old former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp at the court room in Itzehoe, Germany on . Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. Row of Barracks at Stutthof Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. Conditions in the camp were brutal. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. Stutthof Concentration Camp http://www.HolocaustResearchProject.org She called. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. 2023 BBC. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. from. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. One survivor, Lila Givner, told her 1978 trial: Kobyla was tall. Former Nazi SS Camp Guard, 94, Goes on Trial in Germany German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. Former SS guard of Nazi camp, 92, to go on trial in Germany Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. Landmark trial Bruno D. came to the. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. swisslotto. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, (In Czech) In September 1939, the Nazis created the concentration camp of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in a wooded area near the Baltic port of Gdansk. Why Germany Prosecutes the Aged for Nazi Roles It - The New York Times a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Concentration camp guard, 93, given suspended sentence in German case - CBC Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - Liberation Route Europe Key and copyright. 99 . Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. [citation needed], Conditions in the camp were extremely harsh;[16] tens of thousands of prisoners succumbed to starvation and disease. Faces of evil: Eerie portraits of female guards of Nazi concentration They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. Nazi camp survivor recalls horrors in trial of SS guard Stutthof. Your email address will not be published. The womans face became swollen and blue.. Female Nazi war criminals. Graphic! | Pro Death Penalty.com - ProBoards The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. The EVIL Female Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. Numbers []. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. [19][28] It was also added that Spanner was arrested twice after the war but released after each time after explaining how he had conducted the maceration and injection process of his models and was declared "clean" by the denazification program in 1948, officially exonerated, and resumed his academic career. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. Luxury Car Tours. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Originally, it was a civil prison camp for political enemies of the . But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. Now 92, he vividly remembers the five camps and sub-camps of Stutthof that he was sent to. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on 4 July Frankly, a nice sight. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. Hitler's Enablers - Part Two - The Camps - Stew Ross Discovers Stutthof female SS guards trial.jpg 1,209 799; 294 KB Wanda Klaff (cropped).jpg 232 345; 39 KB Categories: Executions of individuals consequent to Nazism Female guards in Nazi concentration camps Stutthof concentration camp Gallows in Poland Biskupia Grka Gdask in the 1940s 1946-07-04 Public execution Non-topical/index: Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Stutthof concentration camp - Wikipedia