In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Has data issue: true Zianu-l Abidin of Kashmir deputed the famous Sanskrit scholar Jonaraja and Srivara for the completion of Rajatarangini to bring the history of Kashmir up-to-date. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Established the city of. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Verse 11. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. Verse 7. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. Verse 14. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajatarangini. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Made in Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India, The Frail Hero and Virile History: Gender and the Politics of Culture in Colonial Bengal, Vernacular Histories in Late Nineteenth-Century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 17001960, The Making of an Indian Nationalist Archive: Lakshmibai, Jhansi, and 1857, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, Kings of Kashmira: A Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Jonaraja, Shrivara and of Prajyabhatta and Shuka, History of KashmiraA Contribution Towards Ancient Indian History, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib, Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, The BJP's Intellectual Agenda: Textbooks and Imagined History, A Critical Study of Indo-Persian Literature: During Sayyid and Lodi Period, 14141526, Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Pretexts and Paratexts: The Art of the Peripheral, The Question of History in Precolonial India, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context, The Hindi Public Sphere, 19201940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kasmir, The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir, Aurel Stein in Kashmir: The Sanskritist of Mohand Marg, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Gender, Society, and Polity in North India, Seventh to Twelfth Century AD, Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 16001800, Defining the Household: Some Aspects of Prescription and Practice in Early India, Turbulent Waves: Construction of Gender Relations in the, Negotiating India's Past: Essays in Memory of Partha Sarathi Gupta, History as Conceived by the Ancient Hindu and Other Nations, Ancient Indian Historiography: Sources and Interpretations, Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History, South Asia Institute, University of Texas, Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Studies of the Kashmir Council of Research. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Son of Sukhavarman. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. View all Google Scholar citations Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs No examples found, consider adding one please. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. Answer. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Hiranya died childless. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Murdered by Radda. Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Sanskrit Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. All rights reserved. He looked up a variety of epigraphic sources relating to royal eulogies, construction of temples, and land grants; he studied coins, monumental remains, family records, and local traditions. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? An unpopular king, he was killed. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Deposed by the minister Shura. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Omissions? Answer. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. Her son was Chippatajayapida. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. Ramdas was a devotee of Hanuman and Rama. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era.
Celtic Mythology Demons, Articles R
Celtic Mythology Demons, Articles R